Top-performing CEOs spend decades deeply understanding their enterprises—every function, every interdependency, every critical system. Just as doctors clearly understand the interconnected anatomy of the human body, successful executives master the complex anatomy of their enterprises.

Unfortunately, frameworks like TOGAF fail because they narrowly start and end with IT, missing critical elements clearly essential for strategic enterprise integration.

Let’s clearly understand why genuine Enterprise Architecture must structurally represent all 14 clearly defined departments, just like a comprehensive understanding of human anatomy clearly integrates every organ system.

1. Clearly Defining Each Department as an "Enterprise Organ System"- Airlines Anatomy Model

Just as the human body clearly integrates distinct yet interconnected systems—circulatory, nervous, digestive—an enterprise clearly functions through explicitly defined departments, each clearly playing a specialized role.

For example, consider the airline industry, where each department clearly functions as an essential integrated system. Here is definition for each of the 15 departments for ICMG "One Airlines, One Anatomy: Integrated across departments of the Enterprise":

Operational Departments (Ensuring Smooth Airline Operations)

Flight Operations: Manages flight scheduling, crew assignments, and overall flight logistics.
Cabin Services: Responsible for passenger comfort, in-flight amenities, and cabin management.