In reality, these bodies form a single continuity organism of the state. Together, they ensure mobility, water and energy supply, urban livability, asset integrity, and response under stress. When this organism functions well, citizens experience stability. When it fails, disruption is immediate and visible.
Most Public Works Authorities still treat Enterprise Architecture as a project management, engineering systems, or asset digitisation exercise. As a result, EA initiatives fail to prevent project delays, cost overruns, quality degradation, asset underutilisation, or chronic execution drift across infrastructure portfolios.
